Environmental degradation and disaster management social science notes 26 environmental degradation and disaster management if you live in a village, you would have seen the trees being cut for using the land to grow crops or to construct houses. Globalization has also resulted in environmental damage and emergence of organized crime and violence, as undesirable consequences. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil, the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. What are causes and effects of environmental degradation.
Pdf our environment is deteriorating for the last two centuries and almost every part of. For a holistic approach to ias preparation, check out the links at the bottom of the article. Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration of physical components of the environment brought in by human activities to such an extent that it cannot be set right by self regulatory mechanism of environment. Wikipedia when the environment becomes less valuable or damaged, environmental degradation is said to occur. Causes and effects of environmental degradation conserve.
Environmental studies land resources tutorialspoint. Environment and ecology notes for upsc prelims exam and ias mains. Natural happenings like heavy rain, floods, storms, earthquakes, volcanoes etc. Mankind has been facing a wide range of problems arising out of the degradation of environment. These upsc notes on environment and related topics are prepared by subject matter experts keeping the civil services exam in mind. Environment and sustainable development notes module 8 contemporary economic issues 102 influence each other in nature. Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising on the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Moreover, what is important in the identification of the transmission channels is to have. If we pollute them, then the existence of man and nature will be hampered. Chlorofluorocarbons or the cfc are the main cause of ozone layer depletion. Environmental impact of the refrigeration and air conditioning sectors refrigerants refrigerants pose a threat to the environment because of their ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp. Table 1 gives an overview of the different groups of refrigerants. In the year 1987, the world commission on environment and development wced is introduced the term sustainable development in its report our common future the brundtland commission.
The humanbeings, plants, animals and other living beings operate in the environment. The environment consists of earth, water, air, plants and animals. Since 2011 the international community has been discussing what. Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration in the physical component of the environment, mainly due to biological processes, but more especially due to human activity, to such a great extent that it cannot be easily restored by the selfregulatory mechanism or homeostatic mechanism of the environment. Instead, drawing particularly on unrisd work, it focuses largely on the social impacts of and responses to environmental degradation in rural areas of the third world. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on the individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans. Brief note on the concept of sustainable development. The degradation of the environment has become a serious problem for the existence of human beings. Eutrophication is a serious environmental problem since it results in a deterioration of water quality and is one of the major impediments to achieving the quality objectives established by the water framework directive 200060ec at the european level. Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the earths. The physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us. Cbse quick revision note for class10 social science, chemistry, maths, biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. Biodegradation or biological degradation is the phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms, particularly the microorganisms.
Environmental pollution is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute short term or chronic longterm detriment to the earths. Fortunately, topics are clearly mentioned in the syllabus. Environment refers to the surrounding both living and nonliving of the livings species. Economicsthe story of development class 10 notes social. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of natural resources such as air, water and soil. The environment creates favourable conditions for the existence and development of living organisms. Short notes on environmental degradation causes, types and conservations. Environmental engineering online lectures, notes, solutions, class notes environment. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. It is the prevention of environment degradation in which we must all take part that must become a part of all our lives. Whether economic growth is good or bad for the environment has since long been a matter of fierce. It is the result of developmental processes of economic and technological activities of man. There exists dynamic triangular relationship among three keys viz. Environmental degradation is of many types and have many consequences.
Land pollution is the degradation of the earths land surface through misuse of the soil. The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies 9 way in which the government can perform all these cleanup functions. Environmentalism, a social and environmental movement, addresses environmental issues through. Exponential growth value of something increases by a fixed percentage of the whole each time i. The environment means natural world and its surroundings. Environment comes from the french word environ which means surroundings.
An integrative applied science that draws upon nearly all of the natural sciences to address environmental quality and health issues. On the other hand, everything nonliving like air, water, rocks, sun, etc. In this unique situation, environmental degradation is a specific instance of utilization or generation externalities reflected by uniqueness amongst private and social. You may have also observed that small water bodies that existed some time ago are no longer seen now. The main causes responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer are listed below. Here is your paragraph on environmental degradation. The main reasons responsible for environmental degradation are as follows. Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial waste, resource consumption patterns.
Environmental degradation, to a large scale, is the result of market failure, namely the nonexistent or poorly functioning markets for environmental goods and services. Notes on soil pollution home environmental pollution. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. Air pollution monitoring and source categorization. The subject of environmental economics is at the forefront of the green debate. Composting is a process by which organic wastes are degraded by mi croorganisms, typically at elevated temperatures. Sustainable development goals in 2015, the world agreed a new set of global goals to eradicate. The industrial revolution of 19th century mechanized the production and manufacturing of goods and introduced the use of. Environmental pollution and degradation, causes of. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of. Environment, biodiversity material for upsc civil services. Environmental degradation and social integration united nations. Environmental degradation is the disintegration of the earth or deterioration of the environment through consumption of. Short notes on environmental degradation causes, types.
Read this article to learn about the biodegradation and bioremediation in details with diagrams. The pressure of population on land has increased at a high speed. Land and land resources refer to a delineable area of the earths terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the nearsurface climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps, the nearsurface. Degradation of environment is one of the most serious challenges before the mankind in todays world. Continuing problems of pollution, loss of forget, solid waste disposal, degradation of environment, issues like economic productivity and national security, global warming. Environmental studies pdf notes es pdf notes smartzworld. Pdf the subject of environmental economics is at the forefront of the green debate. Environment 2019 notes are fully revised and updated. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. Environmental degradation, migration and conflict astri suhrke chr.
Environmental degradation is t he deterioration o f the environment throu gh depletion of resources s uch a s ai r, water and soil. Notes on application of the mark scheme for section a. This short booklet gives an overview of the sdgs and suggests some actions for coming years. Environmental pollution is the biggest menace to the human race on this planet today. The goal of sustainable development is an outcome achieved through joint effort among several interrelated parameters and requiring coordination at both vertical and horizontal levels.
The devastating effects of environmental degradation a. Biodegradation basically involves the conversion of complex organic molecules to simpler and mostly nontoxic ones. Environmental degradation comes about due to erosion and decline of the quality of the natural environment. Section 3 of the act refers to persons subject to tax. One of the main causes of environmental degradation is population explosion or rapid growth of population. The term cost means the opportunity cost to society, i.
All the living elements like birds, animals, plants, forests, etc. Human societies everywhere are closely linked to their natural. Essays on environmental degradation and economic development. Land degradation is, however, difficult to grasp in its totality. The environmental studies notes pdf es notes pdf book starts with the topics covering need for public awareness, natural resources and associated problems, structure and functions of an ecosystem, ecosystem diversity, solid waste management.
Some fear environmental degradation will produce waves of. Land being destroyed environmental degradation shown by soil erosion, desertification and salinisation. Upsc civil services mains syllabus actually has less topics on environment. Meenakshi madam slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Whilst soil degradation is recognised as a major aspect of land degradation, other processes which affect the productive capacity of cropland, rangeland and forests, such as lowering of the water table and deforestation, are captured by the concept of land degradation.
Presentation on environmental degradation s y b com presented by veenith soman shreyas dani vijay choughule vipul kale submitted to mrs. For information on reusing text from wikipedia, please see the terms of use. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil. One should not study a whole book on environment for mains i recently mentioned a book on facebook, but that is for prelims. Starts off slowly, but eventually increases very rapidly. About 31% of earths land surface is covered by forests. Useful for gs1 geography climate change related concepts, gs3 conservation, degradation, pollution etc. The primary cause of environmental degradation is human disturbance. The increased temperatures result from heat produced by microorganisms during the degradation of the organic material in the waste.
Short paragraph on environmental degradation 270 words. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Just as for any disease, prevention is bet ter than cure. The importance of environmental science and environmental studies cannot be disputed. Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a nonforest use. It is caused directly or indirectly by anthropogenic activities that extract various environmental resources at a faster rate than they are replaced, and thus depleting them. The ozone layer depletion is a major concern and is associated with a number of factors. However, these studies have been few and isolated and it is interesting to note that until recently, there has been very little indepth coordinated empirical research in the economics of environmental degradation. Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. Michelsen institute t he environmental refugee has appeared in the literature on environment and security, and with it the refugee as both a cause and victim of conflict.
The deterioration of the environment by natural or human forces is known as environmental degradation. Environment and ecology notes for upsc environment notes. Buy environment notes for upsc ias civil services exam by. Nios environment, scattered topics from ncert, shankar environment. Not only the areas under human inhabitation, but the areas of the planet without human population have also been suffering from these problems.
It does not attempt to cover the full range of social issues associated with all types of environmental degradation. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. Environmental pollution is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute shortterm or chronic longterm detriment to the earths ecological. Restrictions the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. The survival of any organism requires a steady supply of materials and removal of waste products from its environment. The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection pdf.
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